American Civil War Wikipedia. American Civil War. Clockwise from top Battle of Gettysburg, Union. Captain John Tidballsartillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad. USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin. Belligerents United States Confederate States. Commanders and leaders. Abraham Lincoln. Ulysses S. Grant. William T. Sherman. David Farragut. George B. Mc. Clellan. Henry Halleck. George Meade. Jefferson Davis. Robert E. Lee J. E. Johnston G. T. Beauregard A. S. Johnston Braxton Bragg Strength. Casualties and losses. Confederate prisons263. Total 8. 28,0. 00 casualties. Union prisons72. Total 8. Total 7. 85,0. 001,0. The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1. The result of a long standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1. Confederates attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. South Western Federal Taxation 2009 Solution Manual' title='South Western Federal Taxation 2009 Solution Manual' />Part 4. Examining Process Chapter 41. Oil and Gas Industry Section 1. Oil and Gas Handbook. THE WESTERN BLOCK PARTY ON ONE PAGE. Heres a onepage brochure you can print out and distribute andor. JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U. S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States of America, who advocated for states rights to expand slavery. Among the 3. 4 U. S. states in February 1. Southernslave states individually declared their secession from the U. S. to form the Confederate States of America, or the South. The Confederacy grew to include eleven slave states. The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by the United States government, nor was it recognized by any foreign country although Britain and France granted it belligerent status. The states that remained loyal, including the border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North. The North and South quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over four years. The Union finally won the war when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House followed by a series of surrenders by Confederate generals throughout the southern states. Four years of intense combat left 6. American military deaths in all other wars combined. Much of the Souths infrastructure was destroyed, especially the transportation systems, railroads, mills and houses. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and 4 million slaves were freed. The Reconstruction Era 1. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in American history. Prelude to war. In the 1. Republicans, led by Abraham Lincoln, supported banning slavery in all the U. S. territories. The Southern states viewed this as a violation of their constitutional rights and as the first step in a grander Republican plan to eventually abolish slavery. The three pro Union candidates together received an overwhelming 8. Republican Lincolns votes centered in the north, Democrat. Stephen A. Douglas votes were distributed nationally and Constitutional Unionist. John Bells votes centered in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia. The Republican Party, dominant in the North, secured a plurality of the popular votes and a majority of the electoral votes nationally, so Lincoln was constitutionally elected president. He was the first Republican Party candidate to win the presidency. However, before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton based economies declared secession and formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, a total of 4. The first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 5. Louisiana with 5. Alabama had voted 4. Mississippi with 4. Florida with 3. 8, Texas with 2. South Carolina cast Electoral College votes without a popular vote for president. Of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4, 1. Speaking directly to the Southern States, he attempted to calm their fears of any threats to slavery, reaffirming, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 1. Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter. While in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive from 1. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1. Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and seized New Orleans. The 1. 86. 3 Union Siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1. 86. 3, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1. Inflicting an ever tightening naval blockade of Confederate ports, the Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, leading to the fall of Atlanta to William T. Sherman and his march to the sea. The last significant battles raged around the Siege of Petersburg. Lees escape attempt ended with his surrender at Appomattox Court House, on April 9, 1. While the military war was coming to an end, the political reintegration of the nation was to take another 1. Reconstruction Era. The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships and iron clad ships, and mass produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in World War I, World War II and subsequent conflicts. It remains the deadliest war in American history. From 1. 86. 1 to 1. By one estimate, the war claimed the lives of 1. Northern males 2. Southern white males aged 1. Causes of secession. The causes of secession were complex and have been controversial since the war began, but most academic scholars identify slavery as a central cause of the war. James C. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1. After Lincoln won, many Southern leaders felt that disunion was their only option, fearing that the loss of representation would hamper their ability to promote pro slavery acts and policies. Slavery. Status of the states, 1. States that seceded before April 1. States that seceded after April 1. Union states that permitted slavery   Union states that banned slavery   Territories. Slavery was a major cause of disunion. Although there were opposing views even in the Union States,2. JSTOR Viewing Subject Economics. Amount of access. Books in JSTOR. Copyright Date. The Making of an Economist, Redux. Moose Pastures and Mergers The Ontario Securities Commission and the Regulation of Share Markets in Canada, 1. Peasant Cooperatives and Political Change in Peru. Bread, Politics and Political Economy in the Reign of Louis XV Second Edition. Contesting the Foreshore Tourism, Society and Politics on the Coast. Economic Development and Financial Instability Selected Essays. The Economic and Social Environment for Tax Reform. Innovation and the Social Economy The Quebec Experience. Resources Blessed Diversification and the Gulf Development Model. Long Range Economic Projection, Volume 1. Studies in Income and Wealth. The Lie of the Land Migrant Workers and the California Landscape. The Tesla Revolution Why Big Oil Has Lost the Energy War. Gross National Product, Canada, 1. The Derivation of the Estimates. Joining Empire The Political Economy of the New Canadian Foreign Policy. Canadian Economic History. Economic Analysis of Provincial Land Use Policies in Ontario. Odd Couple International Trade and Labor Standards in History. Lawlessness and Economics Alternative Modes of Governance. The Dynamics of Chinas Foreign Relations. What Price the Moral High Ground How to Succeed without Selling Your Soul. Core and Equilibria of a Large Economy. PSME 5. 1. 97. 4. Great Recession, The. Seeking Talent for Creative Cities The Social Dynamics of Innovation. The Big Reset War on Gold and the Financial Endgame. Continuities and Discontinuities The Political Economy of Social Welfare and Labour Market Policy in Canada. Uncertainty, Expectations, and Financial Instability Reviving Allaiss Lost Theory of Psychological Time. Street Level Bureaucracy, 3. Ann. Ed. Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service. Italians Then, Mexicans Now Immigrant Origins and the Second Generation Progress, 1. Rational Decisions. La cooperativa y su identidad. GDP A Brief but Affectionate History. On Understanding Russia. The Rhythm of Strategy A Corporate Biography of the Salim Group of Indonesia. Virtual Economies Design and Analysis. The Demand for Health A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation. The Economics of Conflict Theory and Empirical Evidence. Microsoft Word Endless Save Loop. Economy of the Chinese Mainland. Freight Transportation in the Soviet Union. The Business Cycle Growth and Crisis under Capitalism. Poverty Traps. 2. Linear Rational Expectations Models A Users Guide. Lives of the Laureates Twenty three Nobel Economists. The World Bank A Critical Primer. ASEAN 2. 03. 0 Toward a Borderless Economic Community. Equilibrium, Trade, and Growth Selected Papers of Lionel W. Mc. Kenzie. 2. 00. La Repblica en cifras Historical statistics. Postmodern Moments in Modern Economics. Cuba a la mano Anatoma de un pas. Product Variety and the Gains from International Trade. Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities, The. The Vanishing Irish Households, Migration, and the Rural Economy in Ireland, 1. The GCC in the Global Economy. Moral Hazard in Health Insurance. The Free Market Innovation Machine Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism. Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development. Chinas Domestic Transformation in a Global Context. OPEN ACCESS. 2. 01. The Blind Decades Employment and Growth in France, 1. Electrifying Europe The Power of Europe in the Construction of Electricity Networks. The Bakumatsu Currency Crisis. China New Engine of World Growth. OPEN ACCESS. 2. 01. The Problem of Money African Agency Western Medicine in Northern Ghana. When the Money Runs Out The End of Western Affluence. Socializing Capital The Rise of the Large Industrial Corporation in America. Economa para el ser humano Sentido y alma del capital. Logic and the Foundations of Game and Decision Theory LOFT 7. Confidence Games Lawyers, Accountants, and the Tax Shelter Industry. The Econometrics of Individual Risk Credit, Insurance, and Marketing. Trade and the Environment Theory and Evidence. China in Oceania Reshaping the Pacific Macroeconomic Essentials Understanding Economics in the News. Hedge Funds and Systemic Risk. OPEN ACCESS. 2. 01. Capitalism, Slavery, and Republican Values American Political Economists, 1. At the Global Crossroads The Sylvia Ostry Foundation Lectures. Global Environmental Governance Reconsidered. Exchange Rate Regimes in the Modern Era. Reconstructing Karl Polanyi Excavation and Critique. Plastic Water The Social and Material Life of Bottled Water. The Single Whip Method of Taxation in China. Consumption and Culture in Sixteenth Century Ireland Saffron, Stockings and Silk. Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain, 1. Speculation, Trading, and Bubbles. Take Back the Economy An Ethical Guide for Transforming Our Communities. Socialism after Hayek. Science and Ceremony The Institutional Economics of C. E. Ayres. 1. 97. 6. Understanding Global Crises An Emerging Paradigm. Regulating Business by Independent Commission. Intellectual Property Trade, Competition, and Sustainable Development The World Trade Forum, Volume 3. Capitalism and Its Economics A Critical History. The Culture of Contentment. The Body Economic Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel. The Value of Money. China Twenty Years of Economic Reform. OPEN ACCESS. 2. 01. The First Crash Lessons from the South Sea Bubble. Keynes Useful Economics for the World Economy. Economic Aspects of Atomic Power. General Equilibrium Theory of Value. Nation States and the Multinational Corporation A Political Economy of Foreign Direct Investment. Essays on a Mature Economy Britain After 1. Islam and Mammon The Economic Predicaments of Islamism. A Primer on Auction Design, Management, and Strategy. The Founders and Finance. The Struggle over the Soul of Economics Institutionalist and Neoclassical Economists in America between the Wars. From Neighborhoods to Nations The Economics of Social Interactions. Economic Theory, Welfare, and the State Essays in Honour of John C. Weldon. 1. 99. 0. States of Obligation Taxes and Citizenship in the Russian Empire and Early Soviet Republic. Between Slavery and Capitalism The Legacy of Emancipation in the American South. The German Economy Beyond the Social Market. A World Made for Money Economy, Geography, and the Way We Live Today. Working for the Enemy Ford, General Motors, and Forced Labor in Germany during the Second World War. Supply Side Sustainability. Surrender How the Clinton Administration Completed the Reagan Revolution. Capitalism from Outside Economic Cultures in Eastern Europe after 1. Experimenting with Social Norms Fairness and Punishment in Cross Cultural Perspective. Immigrants and Welfare The Impact of Welfare Reform on Americas Newcomers. Genealogy of American Finance. Singapore in Global History. Sugar and Civilization American Empire and the Cultural Politics of Sweetness. Japans Local Pragmatists The Transition from Bakumatsu to Meiji in the Kawasaki Region. Complete and Incomplete Econometric Models. The Mobility of Students and the Highly Skilled Implications for Education Financing and Economic Policy. Inklings of Democracy in China. Sociology of the Economy, The. Modernizing a Slave Economy The Economic Vision of the Confederate Nation. The Tragedy of the Commodity Oceans, Fisheries, and Aquaculture. Climate Change and Global Equity. Money Talks Explaining How Money Really Works. Peddling Protectionism Smoot Hawley and the Great Depression.